The British succeeded in their tactical objective of taking the high ground on the Charlestown peninsula, but they suffered significant losses. My great-great grandfather Samuel Hazen Jr was at work in these acres [the southerly part of Shirley, not far from the Longley-Hazen Mill] when the alarm of the 19th of April reached him. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Published by the Ipswich Historical Society. The Troop of Horse in the third Regiment of Militia in the County of Essex, Being about to choose their Officers, (agreeable to the Advice of the Provincial Congress) came into the following Agreement this fourteenth day of November, Anno Domini 1774, viz, We the Subscribers the Troopers hereafter Named promise to subject ourselves to the Officers that may be chosen whither it be the captn or other Officers under him, duely Chosen by a Major part of the Troop, and that we will attend all military Musters, and in case of Delinquency, we Promise to pay a fine as By-Law in that case is made and provided, unless a Reasonable Excuse be given to the Commanding Officer for the time being, in witness whereof We have hereunto sett our hands the Day & year above written, Elihu MINER Srsson-in-law Joshua Gates (1737 East Haddam, CT 1781 East Haddam). [citation needed], The Minuteman model for militia mobilization married with a very professional, small standing army was the primary model for the United States' land forces up until 1916 with the establishment of the National Guard.[22]. Seth Smiths company from New Hartford, CT. Perry, Elijah, Rehoboth.Descriptive list of men mustered by James Leonard, Muster Master, to serve in the Continental Army for the term of 9 months from the time of their arrival at Fishkill, agreeable to resolve of April 20, 1778, dated Taunton, June 1, 1778; Capt. December 6. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The US Navy VR-55 Fleet Logistic Support Squadron is named "Minutemen" to highlight the rapid deployment and mobility nature of their mission. Stand your ground. John Dexter (1735-1800) Zerubbabel Eager Samuel Gates William Goodall Pomeroy Grove Joel Hager Robert Horn Abraham Howe Luke Howe Samuel Hudson David Hunter Samuel Kelley Edward Knapp Jonathan Lamb William Loring Samuel McNale Francis Mensurve Francis Morse Joseph Newton Aaron Nurse Roger Phelps (1760-1832) Joseph Pulling Ashbel Rice Gershom Rice A colorful, story-telling overview of the American Revolutionary War, Paul Reveresride preceded the Battle of Lexington. The house stood on the corner of what is now Lexington St. and Independence Dr. and was known as the Sewall house; the house was destroyed by fire April 23, 1897. 1818Groton), MILITARY MARKER Jacob Patch Corpral in Capt. He was seven years m the Revolution and was in the Battle of Bunker Hill ; during the time from 1776-1782 his name occurs with frequency on the Revolutionary rolls. Once the patriots attained victory at the Battle of Concord, they saw that they could get their chance to become an independent country. Moses Knaps Attleboro co., Col. Joseph Reads regt. Congress continued to revise and reorganize the Continental Army. In August 1775, Cottons Regiment was designated The 16th Regiment of Foot. It served in theSiege of Bostonuntil its disbandment. Adams' and his like-minded friends were gaining more traction. The rising sun also alerted Prescott to a significant problem with the location of the redoubt it could easily be flanked on either side. For the Common Defense: A Military History of the United States from 1607 to 2012 By: Allan R. Millett, Peter Maslowski, William B. Feis. The war saw the use of militia, minutemen, and Continental forces, but ultimately it was the Continental soldiers that would secure victory and have a lasting impact on our modern military organization. He was promoted from ensign to first lieutenant ; was lieutenant in a company of Colonel Thomas Nixons6th Massachusetts regiment; was wounded at theBattle of Princeton, Jan 3, 1777. He was in camp in Cambridge, May 17. the Billerica historical society marker states that Hancock andAdams stopped there at AMOS WYMAN house. Minutemen. By the next morning, Boston was surroundedby a huge militia army, numbering over 15,000, which had marched from throughout New England. Thomas Mighills co., Col. Loammi Baldwins (26th) regt. Served at the Siege of Boston, Bunker Hill, and Arnolds expedition to Canada. Muskets were usually shipped to Crown authorities where they became provincial arms and then sold to the towns or individuals who would pay for them as only the wealthy few could purchase arms directly from arms manufacturers. On Dec. 6,1774, Attleboro established a superior and an inferior court, to hear and determine controversies that had arisen, or might arise in that town.. ; list of men serving in the 10th campaign, known as the quarter or three months campaign at Howlands Ferry in 1776 and 1777. It seems everyone interviewed after the events of April 19. His body was stripped of clothing and he was bayoneted until unrecognizable, and then shoved into a shallow ditch. On several occasions, the Crown authorities had issued muskets as recruitment tools, such as for the 1709 Quebec expedition and the 1710 Port Royal expedition. Dr. Isaac Spofford studied medicine in Haverhill under Dr. Brickett. Most of them re-enlisted in a new company under Captain Dow and the same Lieutenants. 12 Attleborough serving in the 9th campaign, known as the quot;quarter-draft or three months campaign, begun in Dec., 1776;also, Capt. 1822 Georgetown). The collection also contains a list of the men killed and . Reuben Dow. The family then consisted of five children, the eldest not ten years and the youngest less than two months. As the British marched from Boston to confiscate munitions at Concord, the town of Lexington, Massachusetts would see the first shots and battle of the Revolutionary War.Listen my children and you shall hearOf the midnight ride of Paul RevereOn the 18th of April in Seventy-FiveHardly a man is now aliveWho remembers that famous day and year. They were the first armed militia to arrive at or await a battle. (from The History of Boxford). The defenders had run out of ammunition, reducing the battle to close combat. Shooting erupted at Lexington. John COLEMAN(1744 Newbury, Mass 1823, Vassalboro, Maine)was a private in Captain John Walters Company, Colonel David Greens Regiment (2d Middlesex Co) which marched on the alarm of 19 Apr 1775 (Service 5 days Page 534 Mass Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War. Elijah Perry, Private, Capt. The Lexington Minuteman monument, 1900, by Henry Hudson Kitson. As events around Boston became more tense, many communities in Massachusetts began to create more elite companies of minutemen. The 1925 Lexington-Concord Sesquicentennial half dollar features a sculptural portrayal. For example, Captain Isaac Davis who was a gunsmith in his civilian occupation built a firing range on his farm to train his men in firing and drill. [Gage, History of Rowley, p. The British had the advantage once they entered the redoubt, as their troops were equipped withbayonetson their muskets while most of the colonists were not. 1795 Rowley ) Sgt. Like the militia organization itself, training day had a large administrative mission. The retreat of much of the colonial forces from the peninsula was made possible in part by the controlled retreat of the forces along the rail fence, led by John Stark and Thomas Knowlton, which prevented the encirclement of the hill. Although they were not members of the Lexington militia, they were asked to join the assembly. Private in Captain Alexander Fosters Company, Colonel John Daggetts Regiment marching to Bristol Rhode Island on the alarm Dec 8, 1776. Many in the Continental Congress such as John Adams called for the nationalization of the military forces around Boston. Stephen DOW IIsgrandson Capt. John Bakers co., Col. Moses Littles (17th) regt. ; this house stood on the south side of the Burlington Mall parking lot. These militia units served as the backbone of protection from Native American tribes on the frontier and foreign foes like the French. In the beginning, Congressional leaders believed a force of approximately 20,000 men in 26 battalions would be sufficient. It is difficult to determine the number of men that served as many reenlisted in the army once their terms were up. The company marched 69 strong all Hollis men, assigned to Col.William Prescott, making up roughly one-sixth of hisregiment. Ward Swifts (2nd Sandwich) co. of militia, which marched in response to the alarm. Paul Revere Poets, historians, and schoolbooks have retold the story of the legendary ride of Paul Revere for more than two centuries. In response, they sent instructions to General Ward to fortify Bunker Hill and the heights of Charlestown; he ordered ColonelWilliam Prescottto do so. The most prevalent stories around Lexington and Concord is that of the Minutemen. If one visits Lexington and Concord today they will not only come across monuments to the Minutemen but also the National Park that commemorates the actions of April 19, 1775, is called Minute Man National Historical Park. He was chosen Captain by election 8th company, 2nd Berkshire Regiment May 4, 1776. and fought at the Battle of Bennington Aug 1777. Colonel William Prescott's Middlesex regiment had not yet split and had ten companies of militia and seven of minutemen. When 700 British Redcoats marched up to Lexington Green at dawn on that morning, the Lexington Minutemen were there to meet them. [13] Officers were then elected by their regiments. Hence the minute-men became a body distinct from the rest of the militia, and, by being more devoted to military exercises, they acquired skill in the use of arms. D. Williams Patterson said he was a sergeant in the Revolutionary Army.. Edward HAZEN IIsgrandson Edward Hazen (1738 Groton 1796 Little Falls, Herkimer, NY). Hutchinson, the Royal Governor, had ignored him, but as tensions mounted, that tactic became less effective. One of the more famous ones being the Culpeper, Virginia Minutemen which fought at the Battle of Great Bridge on December 9, 1775. Parker and his men would have revenge later that afternoon. (See Dudley Tylers section below for the story of this regiment)Isaac was included on a list of surgeons to whom warrants were issued Jun 28, 1775 and was commissioned Jul 5, 1775 by the Massachusetts Prov. For the first time in combat formation, these men moved towards battle at the North Bridge. Next year he was elected captain of the Salem, NH company organized by his father Richard Dow Sr. and was attached to Col. Nathan Hales regiment. These accounts after Lexington and Concord from both sides gives historians agreat insight into the events of April 19, 1775, in an otherwise under documented period of history. There were also numerous skirmishes near Boston and the coastal areas of Boston, resulting in either loss of life, military supplies, or both. If the British had taken that step, they might have had a victory with many fewer casualties. TheMassachusetts Linewas a formation within the Continental Army. Balcom,Elijah, Douglas.Private, Capt. In 1780, the town voted to purchase eight thousand four hundred and forty pounds of beef for the army. Some work was performed on Bunker Hill, but Breeds Hill was closer to Boston and viewed as being more defensible. Abraham Hows co. of Minute-men, which marched from Ipswich (West Parish) on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 2 days; His brothersJoseph, John ,and Daniel all served in the Revolutionary War. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! Joseph Warren had given our ancestor Reuben Dow his commission. Their companies were still organized by town, and so it was very common for their counterpart militia company to contain relatives and friends. War.; He was a minute man in Rehoboth who enlisted after hearing the news from Lexington and Concord. The privates were to choose their captains and subalterns, and these officers were to form the companies into battalions, and chose the field-officers to command the same. Lexington Minute Men M-Z Abner Meade Nathaniel Mulliken Ebenezer Munroe Jr. Edmund Munroe Nathan Munroe Stephen Munroe Isaac Muzzy Jonas Parker Sr Jonas Parker Jr Nathaniel Parkhurst Solomon Peirce Asahel Porter Joshua Reed Sr. and Joshua Reed Jr. Elijah Sanderson Samuel Sanderson John Smith Phineas Stearns John Tidd Samuel Tidd Joel Viles Stephen Richardson was one. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Sayre School's plan to expand the field located at Athens Boonesboro Road in Lexington will require multiple steps. Militia On October 10, 2016 By Rob Orrison In Battlefields & Historic Places, Battles, Campaigns, Common Soldier, Militia (Patriot) Leadership, Minute Men, Monuments, National Park Service, Revolutionary War Monument to the "Lexington Minute Men" The fortification of Breeds Hill was more provocative than fortification of Bunker Hill would have been; it would have put offensive artillery closer to Boston. It was militia that met the British Regulars on the early morning of April 19, 1775. Elijah Bolkcom also served in Captain Stephen Richardsons Company, second in Fourth Regiment in the Second Campaign for Cambridge and in what was called The Six Week Campaign in Roxbury, Masschusetts both in 1775. There they learned that the British were retreating back to Boston. Here the fighting became hand to hand and brutal. The colonials in Worcester met and came up with a new militia mobilization plan in their County Convention. He was a Lieutenant in the Rev. Edward HAZEN IIsgrandson Benjamin Hazen (1745 in Groton, Mass 1807 Groton, Mass. On May 27th, a mixed force of about 200 men under the command of Colonel John Nixon, which including the two Groton companies, were dispatched to remove livestock from Noddles and Hogg Islands, now known as East Boston, but in 1775 it was a swampy area on the north shore of Boston harbor. Zachariah Fitchs Co., Col. Samuel Brewers Regt., service 23 Aug. to 30 Sept 1776. Also, Washington had to deal with the politics of commanding officers, soldiers from a certain colony tended to want officers from their same colony. 2023-03-01. Responded to the Lexington alarm as private in Capt. But, with the coming of daylight the surprised British opened a heavy barrage from Copps Hill in Boston and from four warships anchored in the Charles River, less then a mile away. In the course of the war, 59 infantry regiments were assigned to the Massachusetts Line. Not only did the Minutemen have political awareness of events in New England, but also of those occurring in Europe, such as Britain's lack of allies. Stephen Richardsons (Attleborough) company of Minutemen which marched probably on the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 6 days; He enlisted into the army May 15, 1775 as a Corporal in Capt. On April 19, 1775 thousands of militia units responded to the alarm in Lexington and Concord from across New England. Their good natured hostess, in ready compliance with their request, took down from a shelf a wooden tray, containing some cold boiled salt pork, and also (it is believed) some cold boiled potatoes unpeeled, and brown bread; and upon this plain, course fare, they made a hearty meal. Spofford was the father-in-law of Asas cousinBenjamin Adams. Among the reinforcements wereJoseph Warren, the popular young leader of the Massachusetts Committee of Safety, andSeth Pomeroy, an aging Massachusetts militia leader. At the first outbreak of the Revolution,he took an active and leading part in opposition to the oppressive measures of the British ministry. ; service from Sept. 29, 1777, at Tiverton; reported enlisted out Oct. 9, 1777. It was a very important battle to the early Americans so that they would finally win their freedom from Britain. Col. Spoffordmarched to Cambridge, April 19, 1775. In 1778 he was appointed Captain in the 8th Company of the 1st Connecticut Regiment. The minuteman concept was advanced by the snow shoe men. Elihu enlisted again 4 Mar 1777, in Capt Eliphalet Holmes. The depositions were ordered by the Massachusetts Provincial Congress for the purpose of establishing the claim that the British fired first. There are many opinions that have been put out about what exactly that statement was referring to at the time. John Stearns. He was a lieutenant colonel at thebattles of Lexington and Concordon April 19 1775. The Andover Minute Men turned southeast in pursuit. Previously, it had been designated as April 19 in observance of the anniversary of theBattles of Lexington and Concord. From the end of the French and Indian War, this was normal during peacetime but, in the 1770s, as friction with the Crown increased and the possibility of war became apparent, the militia trained three to four times a week. Colonel Prescott, one of the last colonists to leave the redoubt, parried bayonet thrusts with his normally ceremonialsabre. Next day, 16 Jun 1775 they were on the firing line. This was the first time that the militia was used by the people to block the king's representatives from acting on royal orders and against popular opinion. Many simply wore their own farmers' or workmen's clothes and, in some cases, they wore cloth hunting frocks. Samuel Sewall gives an account in the History of Woburn: Mr. Marrett next conducted Mrs. Jones illustrious visitors to the house of Mr. Amos Wyman, situate in an obscure corner of Bedford, Billerica and Woburn Precinct, where were collected the women and children of several of the neighboring families, who had fled thither for safety; fearing that if they remained at home, the regulars might come, and murder them, or carry them off. Bill of Rights: Unratified Amendments to the United States Constitution, Bill of Rights Amendments to the US Constitution, US Constitution Text: The Most Famous of Historical Documents. Edward HAZEN IIsgrandson-in-law Jacob Patch ( 1747 Groton. The statue's likeness is not based on Isaac Davis as is widely asserted, the captain of the Acton militia and first to be killed in Concord during the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, but rather French used live models in the study of the anatomy and facial expression. They wanted to be a free country and they would fight for it, which proved to be necessary in the end. And now, as soon as Messrs. Hancock and Adams had had time to become calm after their flight, they besought Mrs. Wyman to give them a little food; saying they had had neither breakfast nor dinner that day. During the battle of Bunker Hill the 6th Massachusetts Regiment, under the command of Colonel John Nixon, was positioned in the redoubt onBreeds Hillnear Captain Jonathan Brewer and CaptainWilliam Prescottregiments. Madam Jones servant, Cuff Trot, and the minister, Rev. More attention than formerly was likewise bestowed on the training and drilling of militia.[8]. Col Stephen Richardson commanded a company under Colonel John Daggett and was made Colonel in 1778. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Tracing each branch back to their arrival in America. CPT Isaac Davis (Killed) CPT John Hayward (Succeeding) LT John Heald SGT William Macksfield SGT Oliver Emerson Concord, Ma. The Crown often used such opportunities to clear their storehouses of outmoded and inferior weapons, but local Crown authorities were horrified and it became more usual for provincial troops to turn in muskets unless they bought them for use in the organized militia.[16]. "Minute man" redirects here. The Minutemen was a militant anti-Communist organization in the early 1960s. Dudley was in active service in the French and Indian Wars in 1757, 1759, and later campaigns. Order for wages, etc., on Ephraim Newell, Town Treasurer of Attleborough, dated July 5, 1776, for service on the alarm caused by the battle of Bunker Hill;also, list of men in Capt. Arriving in Concord around 8:00 am, British commanders Francis Smith and . Though considered unreliable by American military leaders and modern-day historians, militias played a very important role for the Americans in the war. After a brief skirmish, the Marines were forced to return to their ship, which then took the militiamen under fire from its ships guns. Stephen Richardson (1737 Attleboro 1808 Attleboro) was also his 2nd cousin (great grandson of Stephen RICHARDSON). The Minutemen were aware of this as well. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Joseph Warrenis said to have been the person to warn Paul Revere of the British coming to Boston. In turn, the officers then appointed one third of their militia regiment as Minutemen. Fact #5: The Lexington militia did not intend to fight the British Regulars. Rather than exercising his rank, Warren served in the battle as a private soldier, and was killed in combat when British troops stormed the redoubt atopBreeds Hill. They also received details about British plans on the night before the battle and were able torapidly notifythe area militias of the enemy movement. I must go! Dismissed April 23, 1775. The siege (and the campaign) ended on March 17, 1776, with the withdrawal of British forces from Boston. John CHAPLINs grandsonDavid Chaplin (1754 Rowley, Essex, Mass Waterford, Oxford, Maine)was a private in Capt. This instigated a boycott in 1774 of British goods. Nevertheless, he made the retreat in good order with his troops. A more accurate representation of the Battle of Lexington by Amos Doolittle in 1775. For all the benefits of a militia force, George Washington knew for the United States to gain its independence and to create a truly nation state, a nationalized standing army needed to be created. His story continues below with the Siege of Boston. DuringGeneral William Howes first attack onBreeds Hill, Nixon was wounded and was withdrawn from the battle. Militiamen knew the local countryside and were familiar with "skulking" or "Indian warfare". Acton,Mass. In 1675, the military committee raised an expedition to fight the raiding Wampanoag tribe. TheBattles of Lexington and Concordwere the first military engagements of theAmerican Revolutionary War. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Join us July 13-16! The Americans, while losing the battle, had again stood against the British regulars with some success, as they had successfully repelled two assaults on Breeds Hill during the engagement. This content is generously sponsored. built his country house about 1666 on the outskirts of Woburn, now part of Burlington. According to town legend, the march to Cambridge was not only long but hot, and they stopped to quench their thirst at a tavern in the Billerica area, where they may have stayed for a few days. [9] The new reorganization provided six regiments of militia with a nominal strength of 9,000 men with minuteman companies being formed from the younger, more physically fit men. Sports field receives county's approval. These numbers were based on the size of the state, and many had a difficult time filling their quotas. For 50 miles around Boston, militiamen were marching in response. Evan was a private under his father at Bunker Hill. It was the second to arrive on the field at Bunker Hill and spent the night of June 16 digging trenches. Edward HAZEN IIsgrandson Samuel Hazen (1740 Groton 1815 Shirley). In 1777, a committee was formed to look after the soldiers families if need be. The events tended to have the air of a county festival, where entire communities came out to witness the drill and then host festivities afterward. In time, however, loyalists such as John Butler and Robert Rogers mustered equally capable irregular forces (Butler's Rangers and the Queen's Rangers, led by Englishman John Graves Simcoe). Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote of one of the many events that led to the American Revolution. Militias in areas such as New Jersey and South Carolina served as strike units against the British supply lines and attacking Loyalist units. Simon died of these wounds on Dec. 31, 1776 at his fathers home in Groton. ; pay roll for Feb., 1778, dated Guelph, Pa.; also, pay rolls for June, July and Aug., 1778, dated Providence; also, pay roll for Sept., 1778, dated Pawtuxet; also, pay roll for Nov., 1778; also, pay rolls for Feb.-April, 1779, dated Pawtuxet; reported on command at Newtown in April; enlistment, 3 years. She was born in New Jersey and it is rumored that she was a good friend of Joseph Warren, one of the patriot leaders. Americas first true military hospital constructed for that purpose was built at Yellow Springs, a popular health spa about 10 miles west of Valley Forge. At the disaster at the Battle of Camden in South Carolina in August 1780, the Continental soldiers from Maryland and Delaware held out against overwhelming odds once the militia fled the field until they were completely surrounded. This regiment reach ed Cambridge the morning of battle ofBunker Hill17 Jun 1775 and although not yet mustered into service, it volunteered to go into action. Elizabeth (Pierce) Wyman, wife of Amos, is said to have fed her visitors boiled potatoes, pork and bread instead of the salmon which her guests had planned to eat at the Lexington parsonage, and Hancock is reported to have sent a cow to his hostess at a later date in appreciation of her hospitality. Transformation of local and colonial militias, to a more regularly trained minuteman force of militia to finally a professionally trained national Continental Army happened very quickly. William Perleys Company of Minutemen, Col. James Fryes Regiment, (10th Massachusetts Regiment), which was in service seven days at the time of the Lexington Alarm, 19 Apr. Congress. Just prior to the action, further reinforcements arrived, including portions of Massachusetts regiments of Colonels Brewer,Nixon,Woodbridge,Little, and Major Moore, as well as Callenders company of artillery. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Prescott and his men, using Gridleys outline, began digging a square fortification about 130 feet on a side with ditches and earthen walls. In addition, many British commanders learned from experience and effectively modified their light infantry tactics and battle dress to suit conditions in North America. February 13, 1777, the town voted to give eight pounds to those who volunteered to serve three years in the American army in addition to what Congress granted. [15], The militia prepared with elaborate plans to alarm and respond to movements by the king's forces out of Boston. Moses Willmarths (9th) co., Col. John Daggetts (4th Bristol Co.) regt., which marched in response to the alarm of April 19, 1775; service, 7 days; also, Capt. A month later, he was commissioned Captain, the commission to Reuben Dow, gentleman, signed by Gen Joseph Warren, president pro tem of the Mass Provincial Congress. Every purchase supports the mission. Alexander Fosters co., Col. Isaac Deans regt. Joseph COLEMAN(1765 Newbury, Mass 1858 Lewiston, Maine), Josephs fatherJohn Coleman lived nearby during Battle of Bunker Hill Boston. Swifts co., Col Freemans regiment. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. This included the 27 provincial regiments of 1775, the 16 numbered Continental regiments of 1776, the 15 Massachusetts regiments of 1777, and Jacksons Additional Continental Regiment, which later became the 16th Massachusetts Regiment.

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